2021年2月25日木曜日

2021年2月25日木曜日 -

William Unger-Blossom Season

 

It is mid-February here in Osaka and that means it is fruit-tree blossoming season. There is a family of stone fruit that flowers every year here in Japan. A stone fruit is a fruit where the seed is inside of a hard pit at the center of the fruit. Some examples of stone fruits are plums, peaches, cherries, and almonds. All of these trees blossom starting in late winter with the last blooming mid-spring.

 The first trees to start blooming are the plum trees.  Plum trees are much smaller than cherry trees, but the color of their flowers have many more varieties and are much more vibrant. The
plumb garden in Osaka Castle Park is in full bloom this week and the sight is stunning. There are subtle pinks and soft yellow-greens, but my favorite are the vivid dark pink ones.


Many Japanese people gush about the beauty of cherry blossoms, but I feel they tend to forget about plum blossom season. Maybe it is because February is much colder and the trees are much shorter,  meaning you can't sit under the flowers and enjoy a drink or meal with your friends, or maybe it is because there are so many fewer dotting the country side.

 Next, will be the peach blossoms. There are fewer peach trees in Osaka Castle Park than there are plum or cherry trees, but the ones that are there are most beautiful in late February and early March. The branches of peach trees tend to be much thinner and so the flowers cluster close to the branch, unlike the cherry and plum blossoms which bloom
at the branch tips. Peach blossoms are just as colorful and numerous as their plum siblings, but there are fewer trees to appreciate in the Park.

 Finally, there are the cherry blossoms. As the peach blossoms are starting to finish, and the plums trees are starting to get their leaves, the cherry blossoms start to bloom.

 Cherry trees are everywhere in Japan, but the local parks have the greatest collection of cherry trees. In some cities, for example Utsunomiya, Tochigi, the cherry trees create a sea of pink and white flowers to be enjoyed by the public. In normal years, many Japanese people enjoy the beautiful spring weather together in their local parks sitting or walking under the cherry blossoms. Some like to eat meals, like lunch or dinner, others like to drink a few beers with friends. I enjoy hiking and enjoying the beautiful weather. After a long cold winter it is great to be able to get outside and enjoy nature once again before the hot, humid Japanese summer forces us back inside into our air-conditioned rooms.

 While I personally love winter and autumn the most, I am excited for this spring. With the all the beautiful blossoms, spring brings with it the promise of a brighter future, and is a harbinger of the world returning to normal. After a long year spent indoors social distancing, and a cold winter without the opportunity of travel or skiing for many of us, the fruit tree blossoms this spring will beckon us all back out into the world to enjoy our lives once again.

 

vibrant:活気に満ちた

stunning:見事な

gush about:夢中で語る

tend to:傾向がある

branches:枝

cluster:集まる

numerous:たくさん

siblings:兄弟

appreciate:鑑賞する

harbinger:前触れ

beckon:手招き

2021年2月21日日曜日

2021年2月21日日曜日 -

Helene-La Chandeleur *Candlemas

 

Au Japon, le 3 février, il y a Setsubun. Lors de cette fête, on jette des haricots pour chasser les démons. C'est un rituel de purification. Dans la tradition chrétienne, un rituel de purification se tient à la même période : il s'agit de la Chandeleur, le 2 février. C'est la fête de la présentation de Jésus au temple et de la purification de la Vierge Marie. Un des rituels lié à cette fête est celui d'apporter ses bougies (chandelles) qui seront utilisées pendant l'année  à l'église pour qu'elles soient bénites. C'est de là que vient le nom « chandeleur » : la fête des chandelles.

In Japan, on February 3rd, there is Setsubun. During this festival, beans are thrown to drive out demons. It's a ritual of purification. In the Christian tradition, a purification ritual is held at the same time: Candlemas, on February 2nd. It's the feast of the presentation of Jesus in the temple and the purification of the Virgin Mary. One of the rituals associated with this feast is that of bringing the candles which will be used during the year at the church to be blessed. This is where the name Candlemass comes from: the candlelight festival.

 Une tradition liée à cette fête est beaucoup plus connue et répandue aussi parmi les non Chrétiens : c'est le fait de manger des crêpes. Ce jour-là, il est de coutume de préparer des crêpes et de les manger en famille ou entre amis.  La plupart du temps, elles sont simplement recouvertes avec un ingrédient puis pliées : crêpe au chocolat, crêpe au sucre, crêpe à la confiture de myrtille, … Les crêpes qui contiennent plusieurs choses telles les crêpes banane-chocolat-chantilly que l'on trouve facilement au Japon sont plutôt vendues dans des restaurants et mangées dans une assiette avec un couteau et une fourchette.

A tradition linked to this holiday is much better known and also widespread among non-Christians: it's the custom of eating pancakes. On this day, it's customary to prepare pancakes and eat them with family or friends. Most of the time, they are simply covered with an ingredient and then folded: chocolate crêpe, sugar crêpe, crêpe with blueberry jam. Pancakes which contain several things such as banana-chocolate-whipped cream that we find easily in Japan are instead sold in restaurants and eaten on a plate with a knife and fork.

La tradition de manger des crêpes semblent remonter à la Rome Antique avant même l'apparition du christianisme. Mi-février, il y avait une fête appelée Lupercalia qui incluait aussi l'idée de purification. Lupercalia n'est pas la seule fête qui existait avant l'implantation de la Chandeleur. Les Celtes célébraient Imbolc aussi à cette période, toujours, avec l'idée de purification.

The tradition of eating pancakes seems to date back to Ancient Rome even before the emergence of Christianity. In mid-February there was a feast called Lupercalia which also included the idea of purification. Lupercalia is not the only festival that existed before the implantation of Candlemas. The Celts also celebrated Imbolc at this time, always, with the idea of purification.

 

Savez-vous jusqu'où remonte Setsubun et quelles fêtes antérieures pourraient être liées à sa création ?

Do you know how far back Setsubun goes and what previous festivals can be linked to its creation?


demon :鬼

ritual  :儀式

purification  :浄化 (カトリックではミサの終わりに司祭が行う聖杯の"お清め")

associated with~ :~と関連した

widespread among~ :~の間で広く行き渡っている

customary :習慣的な

Ancient Rome :古代ローマ

far back :はるか昔

2021年2月12日金曜日

2021年2月12日金曜日 -

Il capodanno in Italia(The New Year in Italy)

 In Italia i festeggiamenti per il capodanno iniziano il 31 Dicembre, in quella che viene chiamata "La vigilia di Capodanno" o "Notte di San Silvestro". Solitamente si fa una grande cena in famiglia o con gli amici dove si mangiano tanti piatti buoni tra cui il tipico cotechino o zampone accompagnato dalle lenticchie che simboleggiano la prosperità e il denaro, in quanto hanno una forma che ricorda quella delle monete. Tante persone organizzano il “cenone” a casa ma altre preferiscono andare in una delle tante feste organizzate in sale ricevimento e ristoranti.

In Italy the celebrations for the New Year begin on December 31st, in what is called "New Year's Eve". Usually you have a big dinner with family or friends where you eat many good dishes including the typical cotechino or zampone accompanied with lentils, which symbolize prosperity and money as they have a shape that resembles that of coins. Many people organize the dinner at home but others prefer to go to one of the many parties organized in reception rooms and restaurants.

 

L`usanza di questa festa e` fare "il veglione", cioe` restare svegli fino a mezzanotte passata, per festeggiare l'arrivo del nuovo anno. Generalmente, a partire da 10 secondi prima della mezzanotte, si usa fare il conto alla rovescia fino ad arrivare a zero, augurando quindi il buon anno nuovo e brindando con lo spumante e guardando o accendendo fuochi d'artificio.

The custom of this festival is to have a party and to stay awake until after midnight in order to celebrate the arrival of the New Year. Generally, starting from ten seconds before midnight, it is customary to count down to zero, and then wish everyone a Happy New Year with a toast of sparkling wine. After that, people watch or light fireworks.

 La tradizione italiana vuole inoltre che durante il capodanno si indossi della biancheria intima di colore rosso come simbolo di fortuna e prosperità.

The Italian tradition also has it that during the New Year you wear red underwear as a symbol of luck and prosperity.

 Superato il brindisi di mezzanotte, i giovani si riuniscono con gli amici e continuano a festeggiare, spesso in discoteca, tutta la notte fino al mattino.

After the midnight toast, young people gather with friends and continue to celebrate, often in the disco, all night until morning.

 Durante la giornata del primo dell`
anno i festeggiamenti continuano in famiglia, solitamente con un grande pranzo ma la vera festa rimane quella della notte tra il 31 e il
!

During the first day of the year the celebrations continue in the family, usually with a big lunch but the real party remains that of the night between the 31st and the 1st!

 Per saperne di piu` sulle feste e le tradizioni italiane vi aspetto a lezione!

To find out more about Italian festivals and traditions, I look forward to seeing you!


lentils:レンズ豆

prosperity:繁栄

resembles:似ている

toast:乾杯

2021年2月5日金曜日

2021年2月5日金曜日 -

Stefano-Il Volo della Scopa: tradizioni e ricorrenze legate al folklore della Befana(Il Volo della Scopa:traditions and celebrations linked to the folklore of Befana)

Introduzione

Il 25 Dicembre è probabilmente la data più famosa del Mondo. Chiunque riconosce i personaggi ed i colori tipici di questa festività: dal gioviale gigante rosso San Nicola, allo spietato e crudele Krampus, il Natale presenta un colorito insime di leggende, storie e folklore che tutti possiamo, in un modo o nell'altro, identificare o riconoscere.

Introduction

December 25th is probably the most famous date in the world. For anyone who recognizes the characters and colors typical of this holiday (from the jovial red giant Saint Nicholas, to the ruthless and cruel Krampus), Christmas presents a colorful set of legends, stories and folklore that we can all, in one way or another, identify or recognize.

 Tuttavia, uno dei personaggi più importanti della tradizione natalizia italiana rimane relativamente sconosciuto al di fuori dello Stivale: la Befana. La Befana è un'anziana e gentile signora che, a cavallo di una scopa, vola visitando le case degli italiani nella notte tra il 5 e il 6 gennaio.

However, one of the most important characters of the Italian Christmas tradition remains relatively unknown outside of the country: Befana. Befana is an elderly and kind lady who, riding a broom, flies and visits the homes of Italians in the night between 5th and 6th January.

Il suo ruolo è simile a quello di Babbo Natale, nel senso che anche lei si occupa di premiare i bambini buoni e punire quelli cattivi. Chi si è comportato bene tutto l'anno riceverà nella proria calza natalizia diversi dolci, caramelle o anche piccoli giocattoli. I bimbi più dispettosi invece riceveranno dei tozzi di carbone.

Her role is similar to that of Santa Claus in the sense that she is also concerned with rewarding good children and punishing bad ones. Those who have behaved well all year round will receive various sweets, candies or even small toys in their Christmas stocking. The most mischievous children will instead receive muddy water.

 La figura della Befana e l'associazione con la calza natalizia sono un insieme di vari miti e leggende provenienti da diverse culture e tradizioni.

The figure of Befana and the association with the Christmas stocking are a set of various myths and legends from different cultures and traditions.

 La origini pagane della calza

La maggior parte delle informazioni che abbiamo riguardanti la calza natalizia provengono dalla tradizione pagana: in particolare si dice che Numa Pompilio, uno dei Sette Re di Roma, avesse l'abitudine di appendere una calza vuota all'interno di grotte e caverne nei primi giorni di gennaio con la speranza che una ninfa la riempisse di doni ed omaggi naturali.

The pagan origins of the stocking

Most of the information we have regarding the Christmas stocking comes from the pagan tradition: in particular it is said that Numa Pompilius, one of the Seven Kings of Rome, used to hang an empty stocking inside caves and caverns in the early days of January with the hope that a nymph would fill it with natural gifts and homages.

 Di lì in poi, le famiglie romane cominciarono ad appenderle nello stesso modo per celebrare quest'usanza imperiale.

Thereafter, Roman families began to hang them in the same way to celebrate this imperial custom.

 Le origini pagane della Befana

I primi miti pagani collegati alla figura della Befana risalgono al periodo tra il X e il VI secolo a.C. in questi anni è infatti possibile notare la presenza di diverse figure femminili legate all'inverno ed al raccolto in tutta Europa: Sàtia e Abùndia a Roma, Frigg in Scandinavia, Bertha in Gran Bretagna e tanti altri ancora.

The pagan origins of Befana

The first pagan myths connected to the figure of Befana date back to the period between the 10th and 6th centuries BC. In these years it is in fact possible to notice the presence of various female figures linked to winter and harvest throughout Europe: Sàtia and Abùndia in Rome, Frigg in Scandinavia, Bertha in Great Britain and many others.

 Tutte le donne decantate in questi miti sono spesso raffigurate in volo nel celo notturno in occasione dei solstizi invernali. In seguito, con la diffusione del Cristianesimo, la chiesa cercò di mantenere le usanze legate a queste antiche festività unendole ad una narrativa bibblica più conforme al canone cristiano.

All the women praised in these myths are often depicted flying in the night sky on the occasion of the winter solstices. Later, with the spread of Christianity, the church tried to maintain the customs linked to these ancient holidays by combining them with a biblical narrative more conforming to the Christian canon.

 Le origini cristiane della Befana

Per capire come La Befana sia stata “cristianizzata” dobbiamo quindi guardare alla Bibbia. Nel Nuovo Testamento infatti, si racconta la storia di come i 3 Re Magi, un volta arrivati a Betlemme, abbiano chiesto indicazioni ad un'anziana signora del posto per trovare la stalla di Gesù; tuttavia, lei non credeva nella nascita del Salvatore, quindi ignorò la richiesta dei Re.

The Christian origins of Befana

To understand how Befana was "christianized" we must therefore look to the Bible. In fact, the New Testament tells the story of how the Three Magi, once they arrived in Bethlehem, asked an elderly local lady for directions to find Jesus' stable; however, she did not believe in the birth of the Savior, so she ignored the request of the kings.

 Qualche giorno dopo, quando venne a sapere della nascita di Gesù e della vera natura dei tre uomini che le chiesero indicazioni,  la nonnina si pentì amaramente delle sue azioni; quindi per fare ammenda cominciò a visitare tutte le case della città, portando regali ai bambini di ogni famiglia sperando che uno di loro fosse Gesù.

A few days later, when she learned of the birth of Jesus and the true nature of the three men who asked her for directions, the grandmother bitterly repented of her actions; then to make amends she began to visit all the houses in the city, bringing gifts to the children of each family, hoping that one of them was Jesus.

 Gli abitanti del villaggio, commossi dalla sua generosità, cominciarono a lasciare delle scarpe e delle calze fuori dalle loro case in dono all'anziana per ripagarla della sua generosità. Ma la donna scelse di riempire le calze con ancora più doni e di tenere le sue vecchie ed iconiche scarpe rotte.

The villagers, moved by her generosity, began to leave shoes and socks outside their homes as a gift to the old woman to repay her for her generosity. But the woman chose to fill her stockings with even more gifts and keep her old and iconic broken shoes.

 Il suo pentimento spiega anche il suo nome: “Befana” deriva infatti dalla parola “epifania” che indica l'improvvisa comprensione di un concetto o di un errore, come il mancato riconoscimento dei Re Magi.

Her repentance also explains her name: Befana derives from the word "epiphany" which indicates the sudden understanding of a concept or an error, such as the failure to recognize the Magi.

 In seguito si accorporerà anche alla figura di Santa Lucia, come protettrice dei bambini.

Later she will also join the figure of Saint Lucia, as protector of children.

 L'iconografia della Befana: un inisieme di tradizioni

La Befana viene quindi rappresentata come un'anziana, spesso ingobbita, vestita con degli abiti molto poveri e semplici, quasi degli stracci. Come detto in precedenza le sue scarpe sono consumate al punto di essrsi rotte, simbolo della sua umiltà e penitenza.

The iconography of Befana: a mix of traditions

Befana is therefore represented as an elderly woman, often hunched over, dressed in poor and simple clothes, almost rags. As mentioned earlier, her shoes are worn to the point of being broken, a symbol of her humility and penance.

 Negli ultimi secoli, con la diffusione dello stereotipo della strega britannica, si è cominciato a rappresentare anche la Befana in maniera simile, seppur con qualche differenza chiave: entrambe volano a cavallo di una scopa, ma nel caso della Befana, la tradizione vuole che tenga la scopa al contrario, puntando le ramiglie di fronte a sé; la Befana non indossa un cappello a punta, ma bensì un fazzolettone o una sciarpa annodati intorno al mento.

In recent centuries, with the spread of the stereotype of the British witch, Befana has also begun to be represented in a similar way, albeit with some key differences. Both fly astride a broom, but in the case of Befana, tradition has it that her sweep is back to front, with the branches pointing in front of her. In addition, Befana doesn't wear a pointed hat, but rather a handkerchief or a scarf tied around her chin.

 Il carattere della Befana inoltre è ben distinto da quello delle streghe, viene infatti considerata come “la nonna di tutti i bambini”, è infatti molto indulgente e materna con loro, limitandosi ad ammonirli quando non si comportano bene.

The character of Befana is also quite distinct from that of witches, she is in fact considered "the grandmother of all children", she is very indulgent and maternal with them, limiting herself to admonishing them when they do not behave well.

 La Befana Moderna: un simbolo di italianità

In tutta Italia si festeggia l'Epifania nel giorno del 6 Dicembre, ed ogni comune celebra questa festa in maniera diversa. Nella maggior parte dei casi, i festeggiamenti includono una festa in piazza in cui un'attrice travestita da Befana “vola” attraverso la città reggendosi su di una fune o un cavo.

The Modern Befana: a symbol of Italian spirit

Throughout Italy the Epiphany is celebrated on December 6th, and each municipality celebrates this holiday in a different way. In most cases, the celebrations include a party in the square in which an actor disguised as Befana “flies” through the city holding onto a rope or cable.

 La Befana è diventata anche protagonista di filastrocche, cartoni animati, libri illustrati e perfino film per un pubblico più adulto, come nel caso del lungo metraggio del 2018 “La Befana vien di notte” in cui si vede l'attrice Paola Coltellesi ricoprire il ruolo della titolare Befana; il titolo del film inoltre, viene dall'iconica filastrocca dello stesso nome, la cui strofa principale recita come quanto segue:

Befana has also become the protagonist of nursery rhymes, cartoons, illustrated books and even films for a more adult audience, as in the case of the 2018 long film "La Befana vien di notte" in which the actor Paola Coltellesi is seen taking the role of Befana. The title of the film also comes from the iconic nursery rhyme of the same name, whose main verse reads as follows:

 

«La Befana vien di notte
con le scarpe tutte rotte
attraversa tutti i tetti
porta bambole e confetti»

 

«Befana comes at night

with shoes all broken

she crosses all the roofs

brings dolls and sugared almonds "

 


ruthless:冷酷

cruel :残酷

relatively:比較的

role:役割

concerne:懸念する

reward:褒める

punish:罰する

mischievous children :いたずらっ子

muddy water:泥水

myths:神話

pagan:異教

imperial:帝国の

date back to:さかのぼる

depicted :描かれている

winter solstices:冬至

spread:普及する

ancient:古代の

biblical:聖書の

christianized:キリスト教化

direction:行き方

ignore:無視する

bitterly repented:ひどく悔い改めた

amends:修正する

villagers:村人

generosity:寛容な

derive:派生する

rag:ぼろぎれ

as mentioned earlier:先に述べたように

humility:謙遜

penance:苦行

indulgent:贅沢

throughout:全体を通して

municipality:自治体

nursery rhymes:童謡

verse:詩